Class ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter
In: vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb
Parent: AbstractAdapter

The PostgreSQL adapter works both with the native C (ruby.scripting.ca/postgres/) and the pure Ruby (available both as gem and from rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=234&release_id=1944) drivers.

Options:

  • :host - Defaults to "localhost".
  • :port - Defaults to 5432.
  • :username - Defaults to nothing.
  • :password - Defaults to nothing.
  • :database - The name of the database. No default, must be provided.
  • :schema_search_path - An optional schema search path for the connection given as a string of comma-separated schema names. This is backward-compatible with the :schema_order option.
  • :encoding - An optional client encoding that is used in a SET client_encoding TO <encoding> call on the connection.
  • :min_messages - An optional client min messages that is used in a SET client_min_messages TO <min_messages> call on the connection.
  • :allow_concurrency - If true, use async query methods so Ruby threads don‘t deadlock; otherwise, use blocking query methods.

Methods

Public Class methods

Initializes and connects a PostgreSQL adapter.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 247
247:       def initialize(connection, logger, connection_parameters, config)
248:         super(connection, logger)
249:         @connection_parameters, @config = connection_parameters, config
250: 
251:         connect
252:       end

Public Instance methods

Is this connection alive and ready for queries?

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 255
255:       def active?
256:         if @connection.respond_to?(:status)
257:           @connection.status == PGconn::CONNECTION_OK
258:         else
259:           # We're asking the driver, not ActiveRecord, so use @connection.query instead of #query
260:           @connection.query 'SELECT 1'
261:           true
262:         end
263:       # postgres-pr raises a NoMethodError when querying if no connection is available.
264:       rescue PGError, NoMethodError
265:         false
266:       end

Returns ‘PostgreSQL’ as adapter name for identification purposes.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 242
242:       def adapter_name
243:         'PostgreSQL'
244:       end

Adds a new column to the named table. See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 689
689:       def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
690:         default = options[:default]
691:         notnull = options[:null] == false
692: 
693:         # Add the column.
694:         execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}")
695: 
696:         change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) if options_include_default?(options)
697:         change_column_null(table_name, column_name, false, default) if notnull
698:       end

Begins a transaction.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 461
461:       def begin_db_transaction
462:         execute "BEGIN"
463:       end

Changes the column of a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 701
701:       def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
702:         quoted_table_name = quote_table_name(table_name)
703: 
704:         begin
705:           execute "ALTER TABLE #{quoted_table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TYPE #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
706:         rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
707:           # This is PostgreSQL 7.x, so we have to use a more arcane way of doing it.
708:           begin
709:             begin_db_transaction
710:             tmp_column_name = "#{column_name}_ar_tmp"
711:             add_column(table_name, tmp_column_name, type, options)
712:             execute "UPDATE #{quoted_table_name} SET #{quote_column_name(tmp_column_name)} = CAST(#{quote_column_name(column_name)} AS #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])})"
713:             remove_column(table_name, column_name)
714:             rename_column(table_name, tmp_column_name, column_name)
715:             commit_db_transaction
716:           rescue
717:             rollback_db_transaction
718:           end
719:         end
720: 
721:         change_column_default(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options_include_default?(options)
722:         change_column_null(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
723:       end

Changes the default value of a table column.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 726
726:       def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
727:         execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} SET DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
728:       end

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 730
730:       def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
731:         unless null || default.nil?
732:           execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
733:         end
734:         execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL")
735:       end

Returns the current client message level.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 595
595:       def client_min_messages
596:         query('SHOW client_min_messages')[0][0]
597:       end

Set the client message level.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 600
600:       def client_min_messages=(level)
601:         execute("SET client_min_messages TO '#{level}'")
602:       end

Returns the list of all column definitions for a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 570
570:       def columns(table_name, name = nil)
571:         # Limit, precision, and scale are all handled by the superclass.
572:         column_definitions(table_name).collect do |name, type, default, notnull|
573:           PostgreSQLColumn.new(name, default, type, notnull == 'f')
574:         end
575:       end

Commits a transaction.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 466
466:       def commit_db_transaction
467:         execute "COMMIT"
468:       end

Create a new PostgreSQL database. Options include :owner, :template, :encoding, :tablespace, and :connection_limit (note that MySQL uses :charset while PostgreSQL uses :encoding).

Example:

  create_database config[:database], config
  create_database 'foo_development', :encoding => 'unicode'

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 489
489:       def create_database(name, options = {})
490:         options = options.reverse_merge(:encoding => "utf8")
491: 
492:         option_string = options.symbolize_keys.sum do |key, value|
493:           case key
494:           when :owner
495:             " OWNER = '#{value}'"
496:           when :template
497:             " TEMPLATE = #{value}"
498:           when :encoding
499:             " ENCODING = '#{value}'"
500:           when :tablespace
501:             " TABLESPACE = #{value}"
502:           when :connection_limit
503:             " CONNECTION LIMIT = #{value}"
504:           else
505:             ""
506:           end
507:         end
508: 
509:         execute "CREATE DATABASE #{name}#{option_string}"
510:       end

Close the connection.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 280
280:       def disconnect!
281:         @connection.close rescue nil
282:       end

Executes an SQL statement, returning a PGresult object on success or raising a PGError exception otherwise.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 445
445:       def execute(sql, name = nil)
446:         log(sql, name) do
447:           if @async
448:             @connection.async_exec(sql)
449:           else
450:             @connection.exec(sql)
451:           end
452:         end
453:       end

Returns the list of all indexes for a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 533
533:       def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
534:          schemas = schema_search_path.split(/,/).map { |p| quote(p) }.join(',')
535:          result = query("SELECT distinct i.relname, d.indisunique, a.attname\nFROM pg_class t, pg_class i, pg_index d, pg_attribute a\nWHERE i.relkind = 'i'\nAND d.indexrelid = i.oid\nAND d.indisprimary = 'f'\nAND t.oid = d.indrelid\nAND t.relname = '\#{table_name}'\nAND i.relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname IN (\#{schemas}) )\nAND a.attrelid = t.oid\nAND ( d.indkey[0]=a.attnum OR d.indkey[1]=a.attnum\nOR d.indkey[2]=a.attnum OR d.indkey[3]=a.attnum\nOR d.indkey[4]=a.attnum OR d.indkey[5]=a.attnum\nOR d.indkey[6]=a.attnum OR d.indkey[7]=a.attnum\nOR d.indkey[8]=a.attnum OR d.indkey[9]=a.attnum )\nORDER BY i.relname\n", name)
536: 
537:         current_index = nil
538:         indexes = []
539: 
540:         result.each do |row|
541:           if current_index != row[0]
542:             indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, row[0], row[1] == "t", [])
543:             current_index = row[0]
544:           end
545: 
546:           indexes.last.columns << row[2]
547:         end
548: 
549:         indexes
550:       end

Executes an INSERT query and returns the new record‘s ID

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 413
413:       def insert(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)
414:         table = sql.split(" ", 4)[2].gsub('"', '')
415:         super || pk && last_insert_id(table, sequence_name || default_sequence_name(table, pk))
416:       end

Close then reopen the connection.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 269
269:       def reconnect!
270:         if @connection.respond_to?(:reset)
271:           @connection.reset
272:           configure_connection
273:         else
274:           disconnect!
275:           connect
276:         end
277:       end

Drops an index from a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 743
743:       def remove_index(table_name, options = {})
744:         execute "DROP INDEX #{index_name(table_name, options)}"
745:       end

Renames a column in a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 738
738:       def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
739:         execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
740:       end

Renames a table.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 683
683:       def rename_table(name, new_name)
684:         execute "ALTER TABLE #{name} RENAME TO #{new_name}"
685:       end

Aborts a transaction.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 471
471:       def rollback_db_transaction
472:         execute "ROLLBACK"
473:       end

Returns the active schema search path.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 590
590:       def schema_search_path
591:         @schema_search_path ||= query('SHOW search_path')[0][0]
592:       end

Sets the schema search path to a string of comma-separated schema names. Names beginning with $ have to be quoted (e.g. $user => ’$user’). See: www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/ddl-schemas.html

This should be not be called manually but set in database.yml.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 582
582:       def schema_search_path=(schema_csv)
583:         if schema_csv
584:           execute "SET search_path TO #{schema_csv}"
585:           @schema_search_path = schema_csv
586:         end
587:       end

Executes a SELECT query and returns an array of rows. Each row is an array of field values.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 408
408:       def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
409:         select_raw(sql, name).last
410:       end

Does PostgreSQL support migrations?

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 302
302:       def supports_migrations?
303:         true
304:       end

Does PostgreSQL support standard conforming strings?

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 307
307:       def supports_standard_conforming_strings?
308:         # Temporarily set the client message level above error to prevent unintentional
309:         # error messages in the logs when working on a PostgreSQL database server that
310:         # does not support standard conforming strings.
311:         client_min_messages_old = client_min_messages
312:         self.client_min_messages = 'panic'
313: 
314:         # postgres-pr does not raise an exception when client_min_messages is set higher
315:         # than error and "SHOW standard_conforming_strings" fails, but returns an empty
316:         # PGresult instead.
317:         has_support = query('SHOW standard_conforming_strings')[0][0] rescue false
318:         self.client_min_messages = client_min_messages_old
319:         has_support
320:       end

Returns the configured supported identifier length supported by PostgreSQL, or report the default of 63 on PostgreSQL 7.x.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 324
324:       def table_alias_length
325:         @table_alias_length ||= (postgresql_version >= 80000 ? query('SHOW max_identifier_length')[0][0].to_i : 63)
326:       end

Returns the list of all tables in the schema search path or a specified schema.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 522
522:       def tables(name = nil)
523:         schemas = schema_search_path.split(/,/).map { |p| quote(p) }.join(',')
524:         query("SELECT tablename\nFROM pg_tables\nWHERE schemaname IN (\#{schemas})\n", name).map { |row| row[0] }
525:       end

Maps logical Rails types to PostgreSQL-specific data types.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 748
748:       def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
749:         return super unless type.to_s == 'integer'
750: 
751:         if limit.nil? || limit == 4
752:           'integer'
753:         elsif limit < 4
754:           'smallint'
755:         else
756:           'bigint'
757:         end
758:       end

Executes an UPDATE query and returns the number of affected tuples.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 456
456:       def update_sql(sql, name = nil)
457:         super.cmd_tuples
458:       end

Protected Instance methods

Returns the version of the connected PostgreSQL version.

[Source]

     # File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 797
797:         def postgresql_version
798:           @postgresql_version ||=
799:             if @connection.respond_to?(:server_version)
800:               @connection.server_version
801:             else
802:               # Mimic PGconn.server_version behavior
803:               begin
804:                 query('SELECT version()')[0][0] =~ /PostgreSQL (\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/
805:                 ($1.to_i * 10000) + ($2.to_i * 100) + $3.to_i
806:               rescue
807:                 0
808:               end
809:             end
810:         end

[Validate]